Another common condition which affects many is the hammer toe deformity. In this deformity the lesser toes become contracted and develop painful areas over the joints. Often a callus or corn forms over the contracted joint and creates pain.

Hammer toes develop through biomechanical and structural changes to the foot architecture. These changes develop as compensation for abnormal gait. Once the toes begin to contract, they become painful due to the shoe irritation. The contractures are progressive, and over time the toes will not straightening at all. With rigid contractures, the toes will ache, especially in shoes and at the end of the day. Most often one or two toes are affected, although all of the digits may demonstrate painful contractors.

Treatment often involves changing shoes to those with a high toe box, thus allowing plenty of room for the toes. Shoe gear changes in combination with periodic reduction of the callus material by the doctor may allow the patient pain free ambulation. If these conservative treatment methods do not alleviate pain, then surgery may be necessary to straighten the toes. The surgery usually consists of removing a small amount of bone that forms the knuckle of the toe. This will allow the toe to lay flat. In more rigid and advanced cases, a wire may need to be placed in the toe for several weeks to aid in healing of the toe.